Congenital malformations Cleft lip and Cleft palate

Congenital malformations Cleft lip and Cleft palate

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Congenital malformations Cleft lip and Cleft palate

Congenital malformations are defined as problems that arise from the birth of a child (congenital malformations).

Although it is difficult to accurately determine the frequency of congenital malformations and congenital anomalies, it is around 4% of all births. Etiologically, congenital malformations may be due to either chromosomal abnormalities, genetically acquired environmental factors, or accidental events during intrauterine life.

They are distinguished in:

congenital malformations -Morphogenetic Deficiencies: This is a failure to fully shape an organ. They belong to this group the various agenesis, hypoplasia, syndactyly, clefts, etc.

congenital malformations -Cumulative Deformities: They are characterized by a large number of tissues, e.g. polydints.

congenital malformations -Hamartomas: This term is used for a group of lesions that are on the verge of actual cancer, e.g. nevi, hemangiomas, etc.

Prenatal screening of the fetus, especially in high-risk parents, is a prerequisite for the early diagnosis of congenital anomalies. The possibilities of treating them surgically, as well as the effects on the quality of life, are determined by a team of specialists. In severe congenital malformations and incurable cases, termination of pregnancy is the only way out. The science of nursing acts as a function when the patient is approached holistically with responsibility and a willingness to offer. Especially in pediatric nursing where the coordinates are modified, the nurse needs understanding and flexibility for the more correct treatment of the child in combination with the family, which is called to be included in the treatment plan and rehabilitation of the young patient.


Συγγενείς διαμαρτίες

Cleft lip and cleft palate

Clefts are one of the most common congenital malformations and are due to the incomplete formation of the soft and hard tissues of the mouth during fetal development. The most common forms are cleft lip (cleft lip) and cleft palate (lycostoma) which are characterized by discontinuity in the structure of specific tissues in the middle of the face.

Apart from the obvious deformities, the slits also cause a series of functional problems in nutrition, speech, hearing, breathing, etc. They are not associated with mental retardation problems, unless they occur in the context of a syndrome along with other abnormalities that may affect mental function.

The treatment of these congenital malformations begins in the first months of life of the fetus and can last until adolescence, sometimes requiring multiple surgeries and other treatments. The treatment is surgical and must be done by a specialist pediatric surgeon.

Symptoms and Diagnosis
In most cases the lycostoma and the cleft lip cause quite obvious morphological changes, which are easy to detect.

The severity of each case depends on the extent and extent of the tissue discontinuity. A lip cleft can range from a small cleft as a notch at the lower end of the upper lip (incomplete cleft) to a large partition extending into the nose (complete cleft). The cleft palate can be a small tear in the tip of the soft palate (palate) up to a wide partition that can extend and affect the upper jaw, hard and soft palate, and grape.

A cleft can be unilateral affecting only one side of the face or bilateral affecting both sides. Clefts usually form at the point between the canine and the lateral area. Sometimes the lateral section (the second tooth from the center) may be completely missing or not properly developed with an irregular shape of the mill or root. In severe cases, the growth and location of other teeth in the problem area can be affected.

Several clefts are visible after the 14th-16th week of pregnancy and are detected before birth on ultrasound during regular fetal examinations. After birth, clefts are easily detected during macroscopic examination of the mouth. Naturally, the cleft lip is much more visible than the lycostoma.

Diagnosis is relatively difficult only in certain palate clefts that are found only in the soft palate at the back of the mouth. Sometimes the cleft is located in the muscles of the soft palate covered by a continuous layer of mucosa and is not visible. Clefts of this type are perceived at the beginning of the speech due to the problems they cause.

Fluid running from the nose is a sign of soft palate cleft, while inability to breastfeed and difficulty swallowing are symptoms of hard palate cleft. Also in lycostoma due to the communication of the mouth with the nasal cavity one of the characteristic symptoms is the nasal speech.

If a form of cleft is found in a newborn, careful examination should be performed for the presence of other abnormalities, in case the cleft is due to a genetic syndrome.

What causes cleft lip and palate?

Clefts are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The exact etiology of cleft lip and palate is not known, but it is believed to be due to one or more of the following 3 factors:

Inherited traits (genes) from parents. If one of the parents has lycostoma or cleft lip there is a 2-5% chance of having a child with the same problem. Also if the first child in a family is born with clefts, there is a 3-5% chance that the next child will have the same problem.
Environmental factors that affect pregnancy. The health and habits of the mother also affect the development of the fetus. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of folic acid, certain antiepileptic drugs, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, and infections during the critical periods of pregnancy have been reported as increased risk factors for cleft palate.
Genetic syndromes. Lycostomy manifests itself along with other abnormalities in over 400 genetic syndromes such as Waardenburg, Pierre Robin, and Down. About 30% of clefts are linked to a genetic syndrome due to chromosomal or genetic abnormalities.
However, in most cases of clefts, no known etiology is found.

Surgery
Congenital malformations
Sia Sfi
Sia Sfi
17/02/2022
Εμπιστευτήκαμε το γιατρό για ένα θέμα υγείας του συζύγου μου. Υπομονετικός, ευγενικός και μας έλυνε ότι απορία είχαμε. Διαθέσιμος οποιαδήποτε στιγμή τον χρειαστήκαμε. Άριστος χειρούργος, εξαίρετος άνθρωπος!
Γεώργιος Τακμακης
Γεώργιος Τακμακης
17/02/2022
Εξαιρετικός! Τον εμπιστεύτηκα σε ένα σοβαρό πρόβλημα που μου έτυχε. Μου εξηγούσε τα πάντα, με μεγάλη υπομονή στις ερωτήσεις που του έκανα. Υπεροχος γιατρός και άνθρωπος. Νιώθω χαρούμενος που τον γνώρισα και άνετα από δω και πέρα θα είναι ο γιατρός μου!
Álvaro Escobedo
Álvaro Escobedo
15/02/2022
Dr Karantonis has been very nice and professional in his treatment of me and my laser hair removal. Also, he never had a problem with me having to postpone an appointment and has gone out of his way to make sure I was comfortable and happy with the results (which I am)
Ελένη Οικονόμου
Ελένη Οικονόμου
04/02/2022
Ένιωσα εμπιστοσύνη από την πρώτη στιγμή. Στην πρώτη μας επαφή απάντησε άμεσα και λεπτομερώς στα email μου, γεγονός που με έκανες να κλείσω άμεσα ραντεβού. Το αποτέλεσμα ήταν το καλύτερο δυνατό! Άριστος χειρούργος!
penny avagianou
penny avagianou
19/01/2022
Εξαιρετικός γιατρός ! Τον εμπιστευτήκαμε αμέσως. Πολύ αναλυτικός και ιδιαίτερα υπομονετικός στις δικές μας ανησυχίες. Ήταν κάθε στιγμή διαθέσιμος να λύσει κάθε μας απορία, ότι ώρα κι αν τον χρειαστήκαμε. Η επιτυχία της δουλειάς του είναι προφανώς σίγουρη! Τον εμπιστευτήκαμε δύο φορές με επιτυχή αποτελέσματα και άνετα θα τον εμπιστευόμαστε ξανά ! Γιατρέ σας ευχαριστούμε.
ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ ΨΥΧΟΥΛΑΣ
ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ ΨΥΧΟΥΛΑΣ
17/01/2022
Αφαίρεση βασικοκυτταρικου καρκινωματος το 2012 στο νοσοκομείο Ανδρέας Συγγρος. Άριστος γιατρός και υπέροχος άνθρωπος. Σας το συστήνω ανεπιφύλακτα...
mary papamitsou
mary papamitsou
06/01/2022
Από την 1η κιόλας επίσκεψη κέρδισε την εμπιστοσύνη μου χάρη στις αναλυτικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με την περίπτωσή μου, τόσο για τις επιλογές όσο και για τους κινδύνους. Πολύ προσεχτική προσέγγιση όλων των παραγόντων που έπρεπε να ληφθούν υπ' όψιν. Πρόκειται για επιστήμονα που εκτός από γνώσεις τον χαρακτηρίζουν το ήθος και η συνέπεια. Το ειλικρινές του ενδιαφέρον για τον ασθενή πριν αλλά και μετά την επέμβαση είναι παραδειγματικό και σίγουρα τον συνιστώ ανεπιφύλακτα. Σας ευχαριστώ πολύ για όλα!
ΠΕΓΚΥ ΧΡΟΥΝΤΑ
ΠΕΓΚΥ ΧΡΟΥΝΤΑ
18/12/2021
Ευχαριστώ το γιατρό για την υπέροχη συνεργασία που έχουμε και θα συνεχίσουμε να έχουμε!! Από την πρώτη στιγμή που ενέπνευσε εμπιστοσύνη..Εξαίρετος άνθρωπος, αναλυτικός στις διαδικασίες και άριστος στο αποτέλεσμα!
Stavriani Leonti
Stavriani Leonti
19/11/2021
Ο καλύτερος γιατρός! Ένιωσα ασφάλεια μαζί του από την πρώτη στιγμή. Ο κύριος Καραντώνης ήταν σε συνεχή επικοινωνία μαζί μου καθόλη την διάρκεια της ανάρρωσης μου και ήταν δίπλα μου όποτε τον χρειάστηκα! Μου έδωσε επίσης το καλύτερο αποτέλεσμα. Άψογος χειρούργος και εξαιρετικός άνθρωπος, τον συστήνω ανεπιφύλακτα!

Dr. Karantonis Fotis is a Plastic Surgeon and maintains a clinic in Athens. Born in Toronto, Canada, he is a graduate of the College of Athens, holder of an MSc in Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Athens University of Applied Sciences and a Doctorate of the Medical School of Athens. He is a specialist in Plastic Surgery – Aesthetic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery.